Diversify with drought-resistant grain sorghum

Published by Harvest SA on 01 July 2025

Expert advice for smallholder farmers

Looking for a resilient, drought-resistant crop to diversify your income stream? Grain sorghum could be the way to go. Harvest SA spoke to Pannar Seed's Reggie Mchunu, Key Account Holder for Smallholder Farmers, for some expert insights.

Why is grain sorghum currently in the spotlight, and what makes it significant in agriculture?

Sorghum has always been a staple crop in Africa but now given the unpredictable changes caused by climate change, farmers need a crop that is drought-resistant and easy to grow. Sorghum is ideal for this, as it thrives in dry climates and withstands drought conditions. Its importance in agriculture comes from its drought tolerance, versatile uses as food and feed, and ability to grow on marginal lands. This makes sorghum essential for food security and economic stability, and its nutritional benefits.

Could you explain the different types of sorghum and how farmers can utilize them to generate various income streams?

There are two types of sorghum in South Africa: grain sorghum, which is used for human consumption, and forage sorghum, which is used for animal feed. Sorghum provides producers with multiple income streams, including its use in food and beverages (such as traditional beer), animal feed, and biofuel production.

What are the common pests and diseases that affect grain sorghum, and how can they be managed? Additionally, does the new disease in South Africa, Goss's Wilt, impact grain sorghum?

The main diseases affecting grain sorghum are leaf blight, anthracnose, grain mould, and sooty stripe. Goss's Wilt, which usually affects maize, can also infect sorghum. Quelea bird swarms are another issue. All these problems can be managed by planting resistant varieties, rotating crops, using fungicides, and managing crop residues.

Is there a robust market for sorghum in South Africa, and what factors influence its price?

Sorghum has long been a staple crop in South Africa, but it has become marginalized due to the commercialization of other crops. Despite this, there is still a market for sorghum both locally and for exports. One key factor affecting its competitive position is that sorghum is the only grain subject to VAT, which impacts its marketability.

What advice would you give to a new farmer looking to start growing grain sorghum?

Seek advice on climatic conditions, regularly take soil samples, and manage your crop effectively. Apply fertilizer correctly, manage weeds and pests efficiently, and ensure you plant the correct hybrids suited for your area. Lastly, diversify your efforts and avoid putting all your eggs in one basket.